1 Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Kahramanmaraş
2 Gaziantep University, Nurdağı Vocational School, Department of Park and Garden Plants, Gaziantep
3 Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Şanlıurfa
4 Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kahramanmaraş
Abstract
In this study, the potential of utilizing pistachio waste, walnut shell, and olive pomace-generated during agricultural production and processing-for biochar production was investigated. The raw materials were pyrolyzed at 400 °C to be converted into biochar; the carbon (C), hydrogen (H), H/C mass ratio, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), ash content, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) properties of the resulting products were compared. After pyrolysis, the carbon content increased from 44.10% to 66.30% in walnut shell, from 46.30% to 70.90% in pistachio waste, and from 49.10% to 63.00% in olive pomace, whereas the hydrogen content and H/C mass ratio decreased in all samples. The highest carbon content was determined in pistachio biochar (70.90%). Olive pomace biochar had the highest values in terms of pH (10.22), EC (4.55 mS cm⁻¹), and ash content (25.00%). In the principal component analysis, the F1 and F2 components explained 79.26% and 16.93% of the total variance, respectively. In the correlation analysis, carbon showed a positive correlation with ash (r= 0.47) and a strong negative correlation with hydrogen (r= -0.85) and the H/C ratio (r= -0.97). In the FTIR spectra, significant changes were observed after pyrolysis in functional groups containing O-H, aliphatic C-H, aromatic carbon structures, and C-O. The findings indicate that even at the same pyrolysis temperature, the type of raw material significantly affects the elemental, mineral, and structural properties of the biochar.
Keywords
FTIR,biochar,agricultural wastes,characterization
How to Cite
KARA, Z., ÇOKKIZGIN , A., AYDEMİR, S., & KARADÖL , H. (2026). Evaluation of Elemental, Chemical, And Structural Properties of Biochars Obtained from Different Agricultural Resources. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 10(3), 1057–1066. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22911085
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Alihan ÇOKKIZGIN 2