Effect of Cadmium Toxicity on Some Physiological and Biochemical Properties of the Sage Plant (Salvia officinalis L.)
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13895323Keywords:
Cd toxicity, sage, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymesAbstract
High cadmium (Cd) levels in the growing environment cause physiological deterioration in plants and negatively affect plant development. In this study, physiological, oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) plants grown at different Cd doses (0 (control), 100, and 200 ppm) were examined to determine the plant's response and tolerance to Cd stress. When the development of plants treated with Cd was discussed, the fresh and dry weights of stems and roots were significantly reduced compared to the control. Specifically, applying 200 ppm Cd resulted in a 79 % reduction in plant dry weight and a 58 % reduction in root dry weight. Application of high Cd concentrations decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents by 44 %, 65 %, and 54 %, respectively, compared to the control. Furthermore, the relative water content of leaves decreased by 15 % at 100 ppm Cd and 33 % at 200 ppm Cd compared to the control. The levels of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage, which are important indicators of oxidative stress, showed a significant increase with Cd applications. The maximum values of these parameters were achieved with a Cd dose of 200 ppm. 200 ppm Cd increased anthocyanin content by 115 % and phenolic content by 47 %. Furthermore, Cd treatment of plants resulted in significant changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. While an increase in peroxidase (1.8-fold) and catalase activities (3.1-fold) was observed in plants treated with 200 ppm Cd, a significant decrease in ascorbate peroxidase activity was observed. This study revealed the physiological and biochemical responses of sage to Cd toxicity and the results suggest that sage is resistant to 100 ppm Cd. The study provides important insights into the use of sage as a remediation material in Cd-contaminated soils.
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