The Effects of Prechilling, Chemical and Physical Scarification and Preheating Shock on Seed Gerimination in Capparis spinosa

Solmaz NAJAFI; Sebahattin  ÖZCAN; Mehdi  TAJBAKHSH

doi:10.5281/zenodo.14586268

Authors

Solmaz NAJAFI Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Van https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-7184
Sebahattin ÖZCAN Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Ankara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-1482
Mehdi TAJBAKHSH Urmia University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Urmia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-5472

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14586268

Keywords:

Capparis, pretreatment, seed, germination, scarification

Abstract

This study evaluated various seed treatments to identify optimal methods for enhancing the germination of Capparis spinosa (C. spinosa) seeds. Four treatments were tested: (1) sulfuric acid (98%) for 1 hour followed by 250 ppm gibberellic acid (GA₃) for 1 hour; (2) soaking in water for 4 hours followed by chilling at 4°C for 24 hours; (3) soaking in water for 4 hours, chilling at -10°C for 7 days, and GA₃ treatment for 1 hour; (4) soaking in hydrochloric acid (37%) for 6 hours followed by GA₃ treatment for 1 hour. A completely randomized design with three replicates was used. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in germination percentage, mean germination time (MGT) at the 0.05 level, and germination rate index (GRI) at the 0.01 level. Treatments 1, 3, and 4 resulted in the highest germination percentages of 73%, 71%, and 73%, respectively, while Treatment 2 had the lowest at 51%. For MGT, Treatments 1, 2, and 3 ranked highest with values of 7.53, 7.38, and 7.21 days, respectively, whereas Treatment 4 ranked lowest at 8.4 days. The highest GRI values were observed in Treatments 1 and 3, with values of 4.89 and 5.14, respectively, and the lowest in Treatment 2 at 3.64. Results suggest that combining sulfuric acid scarification or chilling at -10 °C with GA₃ significantly enhances germination. These findings provide practical insights for improving the germination of Capparis seeds, beneficial for large-scale cultivation and conservation efforts.

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The Effects of Prechilling, Chemical and Physical Scarification and Preheating Shock on Seed Gerimination in Capparis spinosa

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