Tütün Atığı ve Kompostunun Typic Xerofluvent Bir Toprağın Sağlığı ile Kırmızı Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) Verimi Üzerine Etkileri
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46291/ISPECJASvol4iss2pp184-210Anahtar Kelimeler:
Azotobakter, kimyasal toprak özellikleri, nitrifikasyon bakterileri, mikrobiyal biyokütle C-N-P, hidrolitik toprak enzimleri, dehidrogenazÖzet
Tütün atıklarının tarımda kullanılabilme potansiyelini ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışma, tesadüf blokları deseninde ve 4 tekerrürlü olarak tesis edilmiş olup, 2008 yılında Typic Xerofluvent toprakta yürütülmüştür. Ham tütün atığı (T) ve tütün atığı kompostu (TK) 20 ve 40 t ha-1 düzeylerinde, kimyasal azotlu gübre ise 150 ve 300 kg N ha-1 dozlarında faktöriyel olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada mikrobiyal biyokütle C’u, N’u ve P’u (Cmik, Nmik, Pmik), enzimler (alkalin fosfataz, ALKPA; β-glukozidaz, GLU; aril sülfataz, ArSA; proteaz, PRO; üreaz, ÜA; dehidrogenaz, DHG), mikrobiyal popülasyon (amonyum oksitleyici, AOB ve nitrit oksitleyici bakteriler, NOB; genel bakteri, GB; azotobakter, AZB; genel fungus, GF) ile bazı kimyasal özellikler (toprak reaksiyonu, pH; tuzluluk, EC; organik madde, Corg; toplam azot, Nt) belirlenmiştir. Organik materyaller Cmik, Nmik ve Pmik miktarlarını arttırmıştır. Enzim aktiviteleri üzerine azotun tek başına etkisi önemli olmazken, T tüm enzim aktiviteleri üzerine; TK ise ÜA dışındaki tüm enzimler üzerine etkili olmuştur. AZB dışındaki diğer mikroorganizma gruplarını en fazla uyaran T olurken, TK ile AZB’ler daha fazla uyarılmıştır. AOB, T ile % 585, TK ile ise % 354 artış göstermiştir. Corg ve Nt miktarları özellikle T ile artmıştır. En yüksek birim verim N2T2 ve N0T2 uygulamalarında sırasıyla 192.6 ve 192.3 t ha-1 olarak ortaya çıkarmıştır. Akdeniz ikliminin etki altında sulanabilir ürünlerde ham tütün atığı 40 t ha-1 uygulanabileceği gibi, tuzluluğa daha hassas olan bitki yetiştiriciliğinde ise 40 t ha-1 dozunda tütün atığı kompostunun daha iyi bir tercih olacağı görülmektedir.
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