Effects of Different Cultivation Systems and Fruit Parts on Mineral Composition: a Case Study on Kumquat
Özet Görüntüleme: 21
/ 
PDF İndirme: 7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14617141Anahtar Kelimeler:
Kumquat, mineral composition, cultivation systems, elemental analysisÖzet
This study investigates the impact of open-field and greenhouse cultivation systems on the mineral composition of kumquat (Fortunella margarita), with particular attention to variations between fruit peel and pulp. The research utilized fruits harvested from 4-year-old plants cultivated in Muğla, Turkey. Elemental analysis of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) was conducted using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and UV/VIS spectrometry. Results indicated significantly higher mineral concentrations under greenhouse conditions, with Mg increasing from 0.86 g kg-1 in open-field cultivation to 1.25 g kg-1 in greenhouse conditions, and Fe rising from 60.83 mg kg-1 to 67.85 mg kg-1. The peel exhibited a higher mineral density compared to the pulp, as evidenced by Fe levels of 66.74 mg kg-1 in the peel versus 61.94 mg kg-1 in the pulp. Macronutrient concentrations, including N (1.03 g kg-1 vs. 0.83 g kg-1) and K (1.68 g kg-1 vs. 1.24 g kg-1), were also elevated in greenhouse-grown fruits. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between K and Ca (r = 0.77), Mg and K (r = 0.72), and Mg and Ca (r = 0.81), emphasizing their synergistic roles in nutrient transport and photosynthetic processes. These findings underscore the efficacy of greenhouse cultivation in optimizing nutrient uptake, distribution, and fruit quality, providing critical insights for enhancing kumquat production practices.
Referanslar
Anonymous, 2024. General Directorate of Meteorology. (https://www.mgm.gov.tr/), (Accessed: 12.07.2024).
Ahmed, N., Zhang, B., Bozdar, B., Chachar, S., Rai, M., Li, J., Tu, P., 2023. The power of magnesium: unlocking the potential for increased yield, quality, and stress tolerance of horticultural crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1285512.
Ahmed, N., Zhang, B., Deng, L., Bozdar, B., Li, J., Chachar, S., Tu, P., 2024. Advancing horizons in vegetable cultivation: a journey from ageold practices to high-tech greenhouse cultivation—a review. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15: 1357153.
Alquézar, B., Rodríguez, A., de la Peña, M., Peña, L., 2017. Genomic analysis of terpene synthase family and functional characterization of seven sesquiterpene synthases from Citrus sinensis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 1481.
Badji, A., Benseddik, A., Bensaha, H., Boukhelifa, A., Hasrane, I., 2022. Design, technology, and management of greenhouse: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 373: 133753.
Balliu, A., Zheng, Y., Sallaku, G., Fernández, J.A., Gruda, N.S., Tuzel, Y., 2021. Environmental and cultivation factors affect the morphology, architecture and performance of root systems in soilless grown plants. Horticulturae, 7(8): 243.
Barreca, D., Gattuso, G., Bellocco, E., Calderaro, A., Trombetta, D., Smeriglio, A., Nabavi, S. M., 2017. Flavanones: Citrus phytochemical with health‐promoting properties. BioFactors, 43(4): 495-506.
Barton, C.F., 1948. Photometric analysis of phosphate rock. Analytical Chemistry, 20: 1068–1073.
Bhatla, S.C., A. Lal, M., Kathpalia, R., Bhatla, S.C., 2018. Plant mineral nutrition. Plant Physiology, Development and Metabolism, 37-81.
Çakmak, İ., Engels, C., 1999. Role of mineral nutrients in photosynthesis and yield formation. Mineral Nutrition of Crops, 1: 141–168.
Chang, C.C., Wang, J.L., Lung, S.C.C., Chang, C.Y., Lee, P.J., Chew, C., Ou-Yang, C.F., 2014. Seasonal characteristics of biogenic and anthropogenic isoprene in tropical–subtropical urban environments. Atmospheric Environment, 99: 298-308.
Demiral, S., Ülger, S., 2021. Investigation of the effects of different applications on earliness and fruit properties of some peach cultivars grown in pots in plastic greenhouse. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 34(1): 1-7.
Farvardin, M., Taki, M., Gorjian, S., Shabani, E., Sosa-Savedra, J.C., 2024. Assessing the physical and environmental aspects of greenhouse cultivation: a comprehensive review of conventional and hydroponic methods. Sustainability, 16(3): 1273.
Gao, K., Henning, S. M., Niu, Y., Youssefian, A. A., Seeram, N. P., Xu, A., Heber, D., 2006. The citrus flavonoid naringenin stimulates DNA repair in prostate cancer cells. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 17(2): 89-95.
García-Coronado, H., Tafolla-Arellano, J.C., Hernández-Oñate, M.Á., Burgara-Estrella, A.J., Robles-Parra, J.M., Tiznado-Hernández, M.E., 2022. Molecular biology, composition and physiological functions of cuticle lipids in fleshy fruits. Plants, 11(9):
Gölükcü, M., Toker, R., Coşkun, R., 2011. Effect of cultivation techniques on essential oil composition of kumquat (Fortunella margarita). 4th International Congress on Food and Nutrition, Conference Proceedings Book, 12-14 October, Istanbul, Türkiye, s. 145: 1133.
Guthrie, N., Carroll, K., 1998. Inhibition of mammary cancer by citrus flavonoids. Flavonoids in the Living System, 227-236.
Güneş, E., Gübbük, H., 2006. Değişik papaya çeşitlerinde (Carica papaya l.) tohumlara yapılan bazı ön işlemlerin tohum çimlenme oranı ve süresi üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 19(1): 107-114.
Hänsch, R., Mendel, R.R., 2009. Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients (cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, cl). Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 12(3): 259-266.
Turgut, D.Y., Gölükçü, M., Tokgöz, H., 2015. Some physical and chemical properties of kumquat (Fortunella margarita Swing.) fruit and jam. Derim, 32(1): 71–80.
Iwasakı, N., Oogakı, C., Iwamasa, M., Matsushıma, J., Ishıhata, K., 1986. Adaptability of citrus species based on the relationships between climatic parameters and fruit quality characteristics. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 55(2): 153-168.
Gölükcü, M., Toker, R., Tokgöz, H., Çınar, O., Özdemir, M., 2017. Changing of essential oil content and composition of peel of kumquat (Fortunella margarita Swing.) according to rootstocks. Uludağ Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1): 69–76.
İmrak, B., Küden, A., Sarıeroğullarından, A., Küden, A., 2009. Subtropik koşullarda örtü altında elma yetiştiriciliği. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, (1): 187-193.
Kacar, B., 1972. Chemical analyses of plants and soils. II, Plant analyses. Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture Publications, Ankara University Press, 453.
Khalil, U., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Rahman, K.U., Ata-Ul-Karim, S.T., Najeeb, U., Hussain, S.M., 2018. Role of mineral nutrients in plant growth under extreme temperatures. Plant Nutrients and Abiotic Stress Tolerance, 499-524.
Lees, R., 1971. Laboratory Handbook of Methods of Food Analysis. London: Leonard Hill Books.
Lin, Q., Qian, J., Zhao, C., Wang, D., Liu, C., Wang, Z., Chen, K., 2016. Low temperature induced changes in citrate metabolism in ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) fruit during maturation. PloS one, 11(6): e0156703.
Liu, Y., Heying, E., Tanumihardjo, S.A., 2012. History, global distribution, and nutritional importance of citrus fruits. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 11(6): 530-545.
Lu, X., Zhao, C., Shi, H., Liao, Y., Xu, F., Du, H., Zheng, J., 2023. Nutrients and bioactives in citrus fruits: different citrus varieties, fruit parts, and growth stages. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(14): 2018-2.041.
Luro, F., Garcia Neves, C., Costantino, G., da Silva Gesteira, A., Paoli, M., Ollitrault, P., Gibernau, M., 2020. Effect of environmental conditions on the yield of peel and composition of essential oils from citrus cultivated in Bahia (Brazil) and Corsica (France). Agronomy, 10(9): 1256.
Malvi, U.R., 2011. Interaction of micronutrients with major nutrients with special reference to potassium. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(1): 106-109.
Manner, H.I., Buker, R.S., Smith, V.E., Ward, D., Elevitch, C.R., 2006. Citrus (citrus) and Fortunella (kumquat). Species Profile for Pacific Island Agroforestry, 2: 1-35.
Marchal, J., 1987. Citrus. In P. M. Prevel, J. Gagnard, P. Gautier (Eds.), Plant analysis, 320–352.
Meng, X., Guo, J., Zheng, G., Yang, J., Yang, J., Chen, T., Li, Y., 2022. Combination of low-accumulation kumquat cultivars and amendments to reduce Cd and Pb accumulation in kumquat grown in contaminated soil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 365: 132660.
Pandey, R., 2015. Mineral nutrition of plants. In: B. Bahadır, M.V. Rajam, L. Sahijram, K.V. Krishnamurthy (Ed), Plant Biology and Biotechnology: Volume I: Plant Diversity, Organization, Function and Improvement, 1st edn, Springer, India, pp. 499-538.
Paul, V., Pandey, R., Ramesh, K.V., Singh, A., 2012. In: A. Hemantaranjan, (Ed), Advances in Plant Physiology; An International Treatise Series: Nutriophysiological and Molecular Interventions for Crop Improvement under Changing Climate, 1st edn, Scientific Publishers, India, pp. 56-96.
Rout, G.R., Sahoo, S., 2015. Role of iron in plant growth and metabolism. Reviews in Agricultural Science, 3: 1-24.
Sardans, J., Peñuelas, J., 2021. Potassium control of plant functions: Ecological and agricultural implications. Plants, 10(2): 419.
Shalaby, N.M., Abd-Alla, H.I., Ahmed, H.H., Basoudan, N., 2011. Protective effect of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantifolia against osteoporosis and their phytochemical constituents. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(4): 579-588.
Shamshiri, R., Kalantari, F., Ting, K.C., Thorp, K.R., Hameed, I.A., Weltzien, C., Shad, Z.M., 2018. Advances in greenhouse automation and controlled environment agriculture: A transition to plant factories and urban agriculture. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 11(1): 1-22.
Singh, J., Chahal, T.S., Gill, P.S., 2020. Seasonal progression in nutrition density of mandarin cultivars and their relationship with dry matter accumulation during fruit development period. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(22): 2791-2804.
Tränkner, M., Tavakol, E., Jákli, B., 2018. Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection. Physiologia plantarum, 163(3): 414-431.
Tuma, J., Skalicky, M., Tumova, L., Bláhová, P., Rosulkova, M., 2004. Potassium, magnesium and calcium content in individual parts of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plant as related to potassium and magnesium nutrition. Plant Soil and Environment, 50(1): 18-26.
Vincent, C., Morillon, R., Arbona, V., Gómez-Cadenas, A., 2020. In: M. Talon, M. Caruso, F.G. Gmitter Jr. (Ed), The Genus Citrus, 1st edn, Woodhead Publishing, United Kingdom, pp. 271-289.
Vives-Peris, V., López-Climent, M.F., Moliner-Sabater, M., Gómez-Cadenas, A., Pérez-Clemente, R.M., 2023. Morphological, physiological, and molecular scion traits are determinant for salt-stress tolerance of grafted citrus plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1145625.
Ye, X., Chen, X. F., Deng, C. L., Yang, L. T., Lai, N. W., Guo, J. X., Chen, L. S., 2019. Magnesium-deficiency effects on pigments, photosynthesis and photosynthetic electron transport of leaves, and nutrients of leaf blades and veins in Citrus sinensis seedlings. Plants, 8(10): 389.
Zar, J., 2013. Biostatistical Analysis: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Education, New York
Zhang, M., Yan, T., Wang, W., Jia, X., Wang, J., Klemeš, J.J., 2022. Energy-saving design and control strategy towards modern sustainable greenhouse: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 164: 112602.
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2025 Yayımlanan makalenin telif hakları yazarına aittir.
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
